What characterizes glaucoma?

Glaucoma is characterized primarily as an ocular disease that involves increased intraocular pressure (IOP). This condition occurs when the aqueous humor, the fluid within the eye, does not drain properly, leading to a buildup of pressure that can damage the optic nerve. Elevated IOP is a major risk factor for glaucoma and is often associated with progressive vision loss if not managed appropriately.

In diagnosing and discussing glaucoma, the focus is on monitoring intraocular pressure and the health of the optic nerve, as well as the potential for peripheral vision loss. Understanding this characteristic is crucial for anyone working in optometry, as early detection and treatment can significantly reduce the risk of significant vision impairment or blindness in affected individuals.