Which optical error is associated with blurred vision due to dispersion of light through a lens?

The correct answer is associated with chromatic distortion, which specifically refers to the effects caused by the dispersion of light when it passes through a lens. This phenomenon occurs because different wavelengths of light bend by varying degrees as they enter and exit a lens, leading to a separation of colors. As a result, images may appear blurred, especially when the lens is not corrected for this dispersion. Chromatic distortion is particularly evident in lenses that are not made of high-quality materials or are not designed to reduce such effects.

In contrast, myopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia are types of refractive errors that can lead to blurred vision, but they arise from different causes. Myopia is the result of the eye being too long or the cornea having too strong a curvature, causing distant objects to be out of focus. Astigmatism occurs when the cornea has an irregular shape, leading to distorted or blurred vision at all distances. Presbyopia is an age-related condition where the lens loses its flexibility, making it difficult to focus on close objects. These conditions are fundamentally different from chromatic distortion, which is about the interaction of light with the lens material itself.